Over the years, the newest marchande routine enjoys much more be a period of time getting rough and sexuality explicit insults targeted at new husband, their brand new spouse, as well as their group
Of the numerous cultural results versions one permeate Hausa and Songhoy-Zarma lifestyle, the fresh new ples of one’s contestation out of regional patriarchal public strategies. This new marchande is a Songhoy-Zarma mock routine did of the older spouse when you look at the an excellent polygamous wedding since the a response to their partner’s current otherwise impending y becoming common practice into the Niger). Whenever marrying a separate partner, one is expected to invest his first spouse into serious pain he causes the woman due to his the brand new romance. That it money is often used by the fresh new senior partner to pay for the latest events at which marchande is accomplished, events and that entail satirical costume, moving, and song. The second excerpt out-of a beneficial marchande tune voices brand new frustration of an elder girlfriend on the her spouse and his awesome the latest girlfriend:
Tobey tobey, [rabbit] Spraying pepper in our attention By the Allah we’re going to squirt they back Tobey tobey, We shall rub it to the their testicles Therefore he leaves it inside the the newest wife’s attention, So the guy leaves it in the this new wife’s genitals, She will be unable to bed, She’s going to be unable to stand. [:196)
When you’re these perceptions are considered provoking, I will suggest one marchande music represent a type of routine subversion that induce considerable tension and contestation whenever joined into the day to day life
One to anger is manifested much more external and you will lead models out of ridicule into the women’s husbands in addition to their the fresh co-wives (). Sidikou and additionally suggests that the fresh marchande functions as an easy method to possess elder wives so you can sound its discontents having polygamy while also saying its standing of authority when you look at the friends device. We would likewise check out this ritualized abilities as a consequence of Mikhail Bakhtin’s sense of carnivalesque, wherein the inversion off steps and temporary alleviation off societal stress was attained by way of satirical dance, mimicry, and you will expressions away from ridicule (Bakhtin 1941). Regarding issues out of empowerment and you will complicity, Winner Turner’s translation of carnivalesque suggests that when you find yourself such as for instance ritual inversions and you will transgressions do subvert personal formations temporarily, it sooner or later allow the individuals formations to undergo. The guy shows that for example expressions out of resistance are usually contained so you’re able to culturally acknowledged areas where stress that might or even produce the change away from a personal program was legitimated and you may ventilated (Turner 1982).
Men, their families, as well as their the brides cannot attend marchande performances, neither create they support him or her despite the swinging heaven opinii reality it’s the fee to your older partner that financing it. Guys and additionally strongly target towards coarse language that ladies use into the ily players, each of that are really serious offenses in their Muslim neighborhood. Hence of numerous marchande activities was passed for the remote, yet still public places. Because the texts of these slanderous activities don’t fall actually to the ears of males, they are certainly released within the district of females, actually certainly women who could not or even build including derogatory re also:56). Particularly because of the rise in lead problem of men and you can polygamy when you look at the marchande music, I translate that it song setting because the producing an excellent brand of opposition that, while not blocking polygamy, tournaments it having increasing strength. In addition it produces yet another ritual place having social resistance you to definitely lets girls freedom about deterministic framework out of a city male look. The usage or even utterly forbidden code attests compared to that intensity, as females action much more beyond your bounds out of acceptable social conclusion to help you voice that it crucial perspective into the polygamy.